Sunday, August 10, 2008

Who wrote the first English Dictionary?

Do you know what the word "Dictionary" means? It comes from the Latin dictionarius, meaning "a collection of words". This word was first used in this way about the year 1225 by an English scholar called John Garland, as the title for a manuscript of Latin words to be learned by heart.
In fact, it wasn't for another 300 years that any English words appeared in any dictionary. Most of the "Dictionary" that had been written were really to help people to study Latin. They had all sorts of colorful names, such as Storehouse for the Little Ones and Gardens of Words.
Fianlly in 1552, the first real English dictionary appeared. It was compiled by a man called Richard Huloet and has this very long title: Abcedarium Anglico-Latinum pro Tyrunculis. As you can see, the name of this book was still in Latin. But what made this book unusual was that each word was first given in English, then defined in English, and then came the Latin translation. Because it listed English words first and gave the English definations, it can be regarded as an English dictionary, the first ever printed.
The abcedarium contained 26,000 words and was very popular, but it was quite expensive. As a result, many other works soon came out that were smaller in scope and intented for poorer people.
In those days, the compliers of the dictionaries made no attempt to include all the words; they were satisfied to define just the hard words. The first book with the title The English Dictionairie appeared in 1623, and was compiled by Henry Cockeram.
In the United States, Noah Webster began his great dictionary in 1807 and t was finally published in 1828. It contained 12,000 words and 40,000 definations that had never appeared in any similar list before. Webster Favoured simpler speelings, and because of this Americans write "color", "labor", and "honor" instead of "colour", "labour", and honour".

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